centos7（64）安装wine 运行 Windows 应用的兼容层

Wine （“Wine Is Not an Emulator” 的首字母缩写）是一个能够在多种 POSIX-compliant 操作系统（诸如 Linux，macOS 及 BSD 等）上运行 Windows 应用的兼容层。Wine 不是像虚拟机或者模拟器一样模仿内部的 Windows 逻辑，而是将 Windows API 调用翻译成为动态的 POSIX 调用，免除了性能和其他一些行为的内存占用，让你能够干净地集合 Windows 应用到你的桌面。

Wine 项目由 Bob Amstadt 于 1993 年发起，旨在寻求一种在 Linux 上运行 Windows 3.1 程序的办法。不久之后，Alexandre Julliard 开始接手领导 Wine 的开发，从此由他管理这个项目。多年以来，随着 Windows API 和应用为了适应新硬件及软件而不断演变，Wine 也一直不断发展来支持新的特性，移植到更多其他系统，并且更加稳定，提供着更好的用户体验。

通过确立一个宏伟的目标，在 2008 年项目到达 v1.0 之前，Wine 一直稳健地持续了 15 年之久，那是第一个稳定版。多个版本以后，虽然还有许多工作要做，但今天 Wine 仍然在活跃地开发着。 并且有大约数以百万人计的人们使用 Wine 在他们所选择的系统上运行 Windows 软件。

注意：wine32只能运行32位.exe应用程序，wine64只能运行64位.exe应用程序。请根据你使用的exe来选择安装对应的版本

安装依赖, 一共4步
1、 yum groupinstall ‘Development Tools’ -y

如果安装Development Tools报错
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
There is no installed groups file.
Maybe run: yum groups mark convert (see man yum)
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
Warning: Group development does not have any packages to install.
Warning: group tools does not exist.
Maybe run: yum groups mark install (see man yum)
No packages in any requested group available to install or update

解决办法
yum groups mark install “Development Tools”
yum groups mark convert “Development Tools”
yum groupinstall “Development Tools”

2、
yum install libX11-devel freetype-devel zlib-devel libxcb-devel -y

3、
yum install alsa-lib-devel.i686 libsndfile-devel.i686 readline-devel.i686 glib2.i686 glibc-devel.i686 libgcc.i686 libstdc++-devel.i686 pulseaudio-libs-devel.i686 cmake audiofile-devel.i686 freeglut-devel.i686 lcms-devel.i686 libieee1284-devel.i686 openldap-devel.i686 unixODBC-devel.i686 sane-backends-devel.i686 fontforge libgphoto2-devel.i686 isdn4k-utils-devel.i686 mesa-libGL-devel.i686 mesa-libGLU-devel.i686 libXxf86dga-devel.i686 libXxf86vm-devel.i686 giflib-devel.i686 cups-devel.i686 gsm-devel.i686 libv4l-devel.i686 fontpackages-devel ImageMagick-devel.i686 libX11-devel.i686 docbook-utils-pdf libtextcat tex-cm-lgc

4、
yum install alsa-lib-devel audiofile-devel.i686 audiofile-devel cups-devel.i686 cups-devel dbus-devel.i686 dbus-devel fontconfig-devel.i686 fontconfig-devel freetype.i686 freetype-devel.i686 freetype-devel giflib-devel.i686 giflib-devel lcms-devel.i686 lcms-devel libICE-devel.i686 libICE-devel libjpeg-turbo-devel.i686 libjpeg-turbo-devel libpng-devel.i686 libpng-devel libSM-devel.i686 libSM-devel libusb-devel.i686 libusb-devel libX11-devel.i686 libX11-devel libXau-devel.i686 libXau-devel libXcomposite-devel.i686 libXcomposite-devel libXcursor-devel.i686 libXcursor-devel libXext-devel.i686 libXext-devel libXi-devel.i686 libXi-devel libXinerama-devel.i686 libXinerama-devel libxml2-devel.i686 libxml2-devel libXrandr-devel.i686 libXrandr-devel libXrender-devel.i686 libXrender-devel libxslt-devel.i686 libxslt-devel libXt-devel.i686 libXt-devel libXv-devel.i686 libXv-devel libXxf86vm-devel.i686 libXxf86vm-devel mesa-libGL-devel.i686 mesa-libGL-devel mesa-libGLU-devel.i686 mesa-libGLU-devel ncurses-devel.i686 ncurses-devel openldap-devel.i686 openldap-devel openssl-devel.i686 openssl-devel zlib-devel.i686 pkgconfig sane-backends-devel.i686 sane-backends-devel xorg-x11-proto-devel glibc-devel.i686 prelink fontforge flex bison libstdc++-devel.i686 pulseaudio-libs-devel.i686 gnutls-devel.i686 libgphoto2-devel.i686 isdn4k-utils-devel.i686 gsm-devel.i686 samba-winbind libv4l-devel.i686 cups-devel.i686 libtiff-devel.i686 gstreamer-devel.i686 gstreamer-plugins-base-devel.i686 gettext-devel.i686

下载 Wine
在线下载     wget http://dl.winehq.org/wine/source/5.0/wine-5.0.tar.xz
或将文件夹内的 wine-5.0.tar.xz  传到服务器  root目录

解压
xz -d wine-5.0.tar.xz
tar -xf wine-5.0.tar
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编译安装
——————————————————————————————————————————————————
cd wine-5.0/
ls
显示如下
aclocal.m4  AUTHORS    configure.ac  dlls           fonts    libs     LICENSE.OLD  MAINTAINERS  po        README  tools
ANNOUNCE    configure  COPYING.LIB   documentation  include  LICENSE  loader       Makefile.in  programs  server  VERSION
——————————————————————————————————————————————————–
mkdir wine64 wine32
这里新建了两个文件夹wine64(安装64位编译器)和wine32(安装32位编译器)。

ls
显示如下
aclocal.m4  AUTHORS    configure.ac  dlls           fonts    libs     LICENSE.OLD  MAINTAINERS  po        README  tools    wine32
ANNOUNCE    configure  COPYING.LIB   documentation  include  LICENSE  loader       Makefile.in  programs  server  VERSION  wine64
———————————————————————————————————————————————————
安装64位编译器，本次未安装这个64。第二三四步都不用输入
cd wine64/
../configure –enable-win64
make
make install
——————————————————————————————————————————————————
安装32位编译器，一定要切换到win32目录里
cd ../wine32/
../configure –enable-win32
make
make install
——————————————————————————————————————————————————–

make这步 编译时间很长，大概1个小时。根据机器配置决定编译时间，编译完成后安装.net 环境，本次未安装也可以。
至此 wine 安装完成，可以直接使用 wine，winecfg，winefile 命令了。

把2个msi文件放到wine32文件夹里并安装

yum install winetricks

安装2个插件mono和gecko

cd /root/wine-5.0/wine32
wine start /i wine-mono-5.1.1-x86.msi
新建窗口
cd /root/wine-5.0/wine32
wine start /i wine-gecko-2.47.2-x86.msi

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接下来安装图形桌面，目的是用vnc远程登录，启动命令。    如果用xshell启动服务端，关掉xshell，服务端进程会掉线
CentOS 7

以安装MATE桌面环境为例
1、安装MATE桌面环境，命令如下
yum groups install “X Window System”
yum groups install “MATE Desktop”

2、设置默认使用图形化桌面环境启动系统，命令如下：
systemctl set-default graphical.target

3、重启
reboot

重启后，如果卡在启动页面，需要执行以下命令来更新系统的软件包。
yum -y upgrade